Encapsulation is a key concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that focuses on bundling the data (properties) and the methods (functions) that operate on that data into a single unit, usually a class or an object. Encapsulation helps in controlling access…
Inheritance is a core concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that allows one class to inherit the properties and methods of another class. In JavaScript, inheritance enables code reuse and provides a way to create hierarchical class structures where subclasses (derived…
Abstraction is one of the key principles of object-oriented programming (OOP). It helps in hiding complex implementation details from the user and exposes only what is necessary for interacting with an object or system. In JavaScript, abstraction allows you to…
Polymorphism is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (OOP), which allows different objects to be treated in a similar way based on shared behaviors or interfaces. In JavaScript, polymorphism is often achieved through inheritance and method overriding, where objects of…
The if…else statement in JavaScript is one of the most fundamental control flow structures used to execute code based on conditions. It allows you to execute a block of code if a specified condition is true and, optionally, another block…
The typeof operator in JavaScript is used to determine the data type of a variable or expression. It returns a string that indicates the type of the operand, making it useful for debugging, validation, or writing code that handles different…
The grouping operator (()) in JavaScript is used to control the precedence of expressions. By using parentheses, you can group parts of an expression and force them to be evaluated in a specific order. This operator helps clarify your code…
The comma operator (,) in JavaScript is used to evaluate multiple expressions, and it returns the result of the last expression. While the comma operator may seem uncommon, it can be useful in certain scenarios where you want to execute…
The delete operator in JavaScript is used to remove properties from objects. It can be useful when you want to clean up or remove unwanted properties from an object, but it is not used for deleting variables or array elements…
The yield operator in JavaScript is used in conjunction with generators to control the flow of execution. Generators allow you to pause and resume function execution, which is very useful in cases like asynchronous programming, lazy evaluation, or iterating over…
The spread operator (…) in JavaScript is a powerful and versatile tool that allows you to expand an array, object, or iterable into individual elements or properties. It is commonly used to make working with arrays, objects, and function arguments…
TypeScript null & undefined: A Comprehensive Tutorial with Code Examples In TypeScript, null and undefined are important concepts that represent “nothing” or the absence of a value. Understanding how they work, how TypeScript treats them, and how to handle them…
TypeScript casting allows you to override the type system and tell the compiler that a variable is of a certain type, even when TypeScript cannot automatically infer the type or when the type needs to be narrowed down manually. Casting…
Functions are a core concept in TypeScript, just as in JavaScript, but TypeScript enhances functions by providing static types and advanced type features like type inference, overloads, and more. In this tutorial, we’ll cover TypeScript functions in depth and provide…
Union types in TypeScript allow for increased flexibility by enabling a variable to hold more than one type of value. Instead of restricting a variable to a single type (e.g., string, number, or boolean), a union type lets you define…
Enums in TypeScript are a way of giving more friendly names to sets of numeric or string values. They allow developers to define a collection of related values that can be numeric or string-based, making your code more readable and…